The primary principle of splinting is to immobilize:

• A. The entire limb only
• B. The joint nearest to the injury
• C. The area around the injury but not joints
• D. Immobilize the joint above and below the injury

Answer: (D)

The main idea behind splinting is to stop movement at the fracture by locking the segments that can transfer motion—the joints on either side of the injury. Immobilizing the joint above and the joint below the break prevents the fractured bones from shifting when the person moves or the limb is moved, which helps reduce pain and protects surrounding tissues, nerves, and vessels.

If you tried to immobilize the entire limb, it would be more restrictive than necessary and could hinder circulation and function. Just immobilizing the joint nearest the injury doesn’t prevent motion at the fracture site, which can allow the bone fragments to move. Conversely, shielding only the immediate area without stabilizing the adjacent joints can still permit movement at the fracture. Stabilizing both joints above and below ensures the fractured segment stays as still as possible during transport and care.